Radiation-Hardened Electronics for Space Environments: Trends, Technologies, and Applications From 2025 To 2030
Introduction: Why Space Requires Hardened Electronics
Space is one of the most extreme environments known to humankind. Electronics operating in orbit or deep space are constantly exposed to intense radiation, temperature fluctuations, vacuum pressure, and cosmic particles. Conventional commercial electronics fail under such conditions, leading to potential system shutdowns, memory corruption,...