The global human microbiome market is projected to reach USD 7.09 billion by 2031, up from USD 1.40 billion in 2025, growing at an exceptional compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.0% during the forecast period. Market expansion is being fueled by increasing awareness of the role of the microbiome in human health, rising prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, and advancements in microbiome-based therapeutics and probiotics.

The human microbiome—comprising trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the gut, skin, oral cavity, and other body sites—plays a critical role in immunity, metabolism, digestion, and overall health. Recent breakthroughs in microbiome research have enabled the development of live biotherapeutic products, synbiotics, and probiotic supplements, which are transforming healthcare and wellness sectors. The growing focus on personalized medicine, preventive healthcare, and functional nutrition has accelerated demand for microbiome-based solutions globally.

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Market Drivers: Therapeutic Innovation and Regulatory Approvals

Key drivers for the human microbiome market include the development of microbiome therapeutics for preventing and treating recurrent infections, metabolic disorders, and gastrointestinal diseases. For example, Seres Therapeutics (US) launched VOWST (formerly SER-109), the first FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic, in April 2023 to prevent recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections. This approval highlights the clinical potential of live biotherapeutics in managing gut-related conditions.

In addition, regulatory approvals of fecal microbiota-based therapies, such as Ferring B.V.’s Rebyota, have expanded market opportunities in North America and Europe. These approvals signal growing acceptance of microbiome therapeutics as mainstream treatment options and encourage ongoing investments in R&D by leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.

Competitive Landscape and Key Players

The human microbiome market is moderately consolidated, with top players accounting for 60–67% of the global market share. Prominent market participants include Seres Therapeutics (US), Ferring B.V. (Switzerland), BiomeBank (Australia), Seed Health, Inc. (US), International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. (US), Pendulum (US), Biohm Technologies (US), Actial Farmaceutica Srl (Italy), OptiBiotix Health Plc (UK), Resbiotic (US), Infinant Health Inc (US), BioGaia (Sweden), ExeGi Pharma (US), Finch Therapeutics Group, Inc. (US), Infant Bacterial Therapeutics AB (Sweden), MaaT Pharma (France), Microba (Australia), Viome Life Sciences, Inc. (US), and Genova Diagnostics (US).

These companies implement strategies such as product launches, acquisitions, licensing agreements, collaborations, and geographic expansions to strengthen their market position. In 2025, Seres Therapeutics expanded its reach in North America with the approval of Rebyota in Canada. In 2023, Ferring B.V. signed a licensing agreement with PharmaBiome to develop and commercialize defined-consortium microbiome therapeutics targeting gastroenterological conditions.

Seres Therapeutics (US)

Seres Therapeutics is an emerging leader in the microbiome market. The company focuses on R&D to advance oral live biotherapeutic products with defined bacterial consortia designed to modulate the human microbiome. Its lead product, VOWST, received FDA approval in April 2023 to prevent recurrent C. difficile infections, becoming the first FDA-approved orally administered microbiome therapeutic.

In 2024, Seres Therapeutics invested USD 64.6 million in R&D and pursued collaborations with academic and industry partners. The company also entered an agreement with Nestlé Health Science to transfer full commercialization rights for VOWST, strengthening its commercial reach.

Ferring B.V. (Switzerland)

Ferring Pharmaceuticals focuses on microbiome-based therapeutics across multiple therapeutic areas, including gastroenterology, reproductive medicine, and maternal health. Its acquisition of Rebiotix enabled the development of Rebyota, a fecal microbiota-based therapeutic approved by the FDA in November 2022. The product is administered via enema to prevent recurrent C. difficile infections.

Ferring collaborates with research institutions, including Karolinska Institutet, Intralytix, MyBiotics, and PharmaBiome, to explore live microbial consortia, bacteriophage-based therapies, and microbiome diagnostics. The company maintains manufacturing and R&D facilities globally and continues advancing its pipeline through preclinical and clinical development stages.

International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. (US)

International Flavors & Fragrances (IFF) leverages its expertise in precision fermentation and microbial strain engineering to produce next-generation probiotics, including strict anaerobes such as Akkermansia. Its HOWARU brand includes clinically studied probiotic strains like HN001, HN019, NCFM, Bi-07, and Bl-04, formulated for immune support, digestive health, stress response, early life development, and healthy aging.

IFF supports its microbiome innovation through ongoing collaborations and a broader portfolio in synthetic biology, enabling the development of functional ingredients across food, supplement, and consumer health categories. Regulatory recognition, such as HN001 approval in Brazil for reducing eczema risk, underscores the clinical impact of its products.

Market Outlook and Future Trends

The human microbiome market is poised for rapid growth due to the following trends:

• Expansion of Live Biotherapeutics: Increasing R&D in live microbial therapeutics for gastrointestinal and systemic diseases.
• Consumer-Focused Probiotics: Growing demand for microbiome-based dietary supplements and functional foods.
• Strategic Collaborations: Partnerships between biopharma, academic institutions, and consumer health companies drive innovation and commercialization.
• Emerging Market Opportunities: Asia Pacific and Latin America are expected to provide substantial growth potential due to rising healthcare awareness and investments.

While smaller startups contribute to product diversity and scientific advancement, leading companies continue to dominate through strategic R&D, clinical validation, and commercialization initiatives.

Conclusion

The human microbiome market is set for exponential growth as scientific innovation, regulatory approvals, and consumer demand converge. Leading players such as Seres Therapeutics, Ferring B.V., and IFF are driving the development of advanced microbiome therapeutics and probiotics, offering transformative solutions for digestive, immune, and systemic health globally. Emerging markets present additional opportunities, making the human microbiome a pivotal area in next-generation healthcare.

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